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SANTANGEIiO'S 



TO THK 



®®is®m^ ®w w] 



.K 



SENORES CARRION AND GRANJA, 



INVOLVING 



SOME REMARKS OF PUBLIC INTEREST. 



Sed nunc quoque turpes 



Litibus exercent linguas, pulsoque pudore, 
Quamvis sint sub aqua, sub aqua raalediceie tentant. 



Ovid. 



PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR. 



1830. 






y 




To the Editors of the Daily Sentinel, 

Gentlemen, 

It is incumbent upon me to answer a personal 
attack, which I never would have regarded, had it 
not awakened considerations of vast importance to 
every free nation, and to every sincere friend of 
Liberty. The first part of the annexed pamphlet, 
will afford entertainment only to the curious; but 
the second is a qui vive, which cannot fail to excite 
the alarm of a Republican Sentinel. My English is 
not elegant, nor perhaps grammatical; but, the 
language apart, I call your attention solely to the 
matter. 

I am. Gentlemen, with the most respectful consi- 
deration, 

Your most obedient servant, 

O. DE A. SANTANGELO. 

New Yorh 24tKFehriiary, 1830> 



RKPLY* 



FACT. 

Ix me Spanish Mercurio, of this city, of ihe 2od of January last, I 
thoDght it proper to contradict a report lately current in Mexico, of 
my being tlie editor, or one of the editors of the Redactor, another 
Spanish paper, edited here by Senores Carrion, and Granja, under 
the anonymous name of a Sociedad Espanola (a Spanish co-partner- 
ship ;) a report which implicitly attributed to me. in relation to Spain 
and Mexico, opinions diametrically opposite to those which I have 
ever profesed, and greatly injuriosas a mis anti-monarqpticas ideas, 
'injurious to my republican principles.)* 

The above editors of the Redactor, pretending to be injured by the 
statement I had made, darted upon me, in their paper of the 30th of 
the same month, an invective, too vulgar to be spoken of here, charging 
me, first, with my desiring to ingratiate myself with the Mexican go- 
Temment, which they represented as a rQe rabble of Mexican manda- 
rins 'soez can all a de mandarines mexicanos :) secondlv, with my 
being l-notm in both irorlds for my rerdiitionary idens, and persecuted 
every where.' 

In the Mercuric of the 6ih instant, alter having expressed my inten- 
tion of not answering again those gadlemen, and observed, that I had, 
in my first communication, attacked neither their opinions^ nor their 
personal character. I confined myself to stating- in reply to their fiist 
imputation, that in my capacity of citizen of the United States. I could 
not be desirous of ingratiating myself with any foreign government; 
and much less with that of Mexico, whose present illustrious leaders 
had never been my enemies, but who, on the contrary- had connden- 
tiallj permitted me, since November of the last year, to return to 
Mexico (whence I had been banished in 1 826 by a ministry sold to 
Spain."]; As to theii second, I thanked thena for their kindness id 

* See doeomuit I. al the e»d of this esrpofitior!. 
f See doenmoit U. 



6 

extending somewhat more my revolutionary fame, notwithstanding my 
being known in both worlds for my aversion to any power not emana- 
ting from the sovereign will of the people.* 

The editors of the Redactor now became furious, and, in their next 
paper of the 10th instant, they wrote a polite and graceful Tapaboca 
(a gag) calculated only to act in their skilful hands as a cork screw, 
and which, free from all spurious matters, is limited to the following 
statements : 

1st. That by my having resolved not to answer them again, I had 
imitated the Parthians, who fought flying: 

2d. That, by saying that the Redactor, when edited by Messrs. 
Lerena and Bergonzio, was written with moderation, and that the 
opinions of its present editors were "injuriosas a mis ideas," (loyally 
suppressing the epithet anti-monarquicas, with which I had qualified 
the words mis ideas) I had supposed that their paper is not moderate, 
and their ideas not good, and consequently attacked both their opinions 
and their personal character : 

3d. That my having denied the intention of ingratiating myself 
with the 3Iexican mandarins, shows to what degree of prostitution 
the latter are arrived, since their partisans are ashamed of pro- 
nouncing themselves openly for them : 

4th. That, by their calling the Mexican government a vile rabble of 
Mexican mandarins, they had but given to things their proper names : 

5th. That they have data to believe that I have begged the pro- 
tection of the said mandarins to establish a house of education in 
Mexico, notwithstanding my supposed quality of citizen of the United 
States : 

6th. That my departure from Gibraltar had not been caused by the 
king of England ; nor that the king of Spain was commanding in Mexi- 
co, when I was banished from that country in a harsh manner (con cajas 
destempladas,) and that, consequently, I had not suffered persecutions 
from kings alone : 

7th. That there are many refugees in republics, who boast of having 
been persecuted by kings, because kings never took notice of them; and 

that <' if kings would " meaning, perhaps, by this 

ellipsis, that kings could destroy such refugees, if they wo^ld, in the 
very centre of Washington's capital . . . . ! 

* See Document III. f See Document IV. 



Every impartial reader will no doubt agree, that my first intention 
of not answering again the editors of the Redactor, could not com- 
prehend the case in which my silence would have injured both my re- 
putation, and that of all the honourable class of emigrants, to which I 
belong. I must then take up the pen. My reply will consist of two 
parts : — my personal defence, — and some remarks of public interest. 

FIRST PART. 

My defence will categorically answer the Redactorial Tapahoca. 

On the 1st point. — One who has never fied, in ten campaigns, before 
^he monarchical sword, must be permitted to avoid, without blame, 
the troublesome buzz of some musquitos. 

On the 2d. point. — To praise the moderation of one writer is by no 
means to attack the personal character of another. Cannot an im- 
moderate writer be a virtuous man ? Some difference must be 
allowed to exist between an imprudent temper and a corrupted heart. 
Neither did I attack the opinions of Senores Carrion and Granja by 
believing them injurious to my anti-monarchical principles. The 
injury which one thinks he receives from being thought of a different 
opinion in civil or political matters, may only arise from the nature of 
his political or civil duties. It certainly would not be shameful for 
Seiiores Carrion and Granja to be known as royalists here, since 
they never renounced this character ; but nothing would prove more 
disgraceful for a citizen of the United States, than to be looked upon 
as the vassal of a Icing. Consequently, the report which I did con- 
tradict in my first publication, was justly reputed by me as injurious 
to my anti-monarchical principles, without affording any room for the 
editors of the Redactor to believe themselves injured by it, and to be- 
come the first aggressors in the contest. 

On the 3d point. — It is not very easy to reconcile these two ideas of 
a man being known in loth worlds for his revolutionary ideas, and 
ashamed to pronounce himself openly for a revolutionary party. 
Moreover, I never was the partisan of inen. 1 was, and arn still, 
myself a partisan of the Mexican cause, against the pretensions of 
Spain, and I pronounced myself as such so openly, that I published 
in its defence, and in my own name, " Las Cuatro Primeras Discu- 
siones del Congreso de Panama, tales como debian ser ;" a book, 



8 

which procured lor mo the honour of being banished by the Spanish 
party then prevaihng in that country. I advocated, afterward, during 
my residence in the United States, the cause of general Guerrero for 
the presidency of that republic, in a lime when his preference over 
other candidates in that station ought to save the national liberties. 
The polite word prostitution, of which Seiiores Carrion and Granja 
make use on this subject- would be more properly made use of for 
those men, who have no country, no honour, no principles, and who 
sell their patronage to the highest bidder. 

On the 4th point. — To insult nations, governments and men at thou- 
sands of leagues distance, is not much better than to fight fiying. To 
excite public contempt against a people, whose political independence 
has been solemnly acknowledged by the nation in whose bosom such 
writers have found a hospitality rather too generous, and to calum- 
niate, at the same time, the personal honour of the members, and the 
organs* of a government, with which our own entertains the most 
friendly relations, is to outrage most ungratefully both governments, 
both nations. Do Seiiores Carrion and Granja know no better 
means to conquer Mexico, no more decent language wherewith to 
plead the rights of their legitimate king ? Poor advocates, then ! — 
unhappy king ! 

On the 5th point. — To publish that one is willing to suppose (quiere 
suponer) himself in possession of a quality, which he had asserted 
positively to possess, is but to render problematic before the public 
both his veracity and the fact. And could Senores Carrion and Granja 
imagine that I would have falsely boasted of being a citizen of the 
United States, in the most populous city of the Union, without the 
certainty of being immediately convicted of falsehood ? Behold, then, 
two moderate writers and teachers of logic, who have neither civility 
nor common sense. 1 must therefore repeat to them that, yes, I have 
7nost undoubtedly the honour of being a citizen of the United States of 
America, in the full enjoyment of all the lawful rights annexed to thi? 
high quality! — But the bourbonic police established in New York has 

* The present Minister Plenipotentiary of Mexico at Washington, Seno,. 
Tornel, overloaded by the Redactor with the most disgraceful insultsin his double 
capacity of a gentleman and of a diplomatic agent, is giving to the world an example 
of supernatural patience by his silence. 

t See Document V. 



9 

not correctly informed tiiem of my having hegged the protection of the 
government of Mexico for establishing there a house of educations 
What protection from th6 government could one be in want of for 
texercising a liberal profession in a free country ? Have I not at 
present a liouse of education independent of any protection? Did not 
Senor Carrion himself have one a yfear ago in Broadway, without any 
protection from the government ? Attached to the Mexicans, that 
IS, to a people who have had the good sense to shake ofTthe Spanish 
yoke, I have lately offered to their government a plan of public 
education adapted to their peculiar circumstances, adding that 
" should I ever return to Mexico, public education would be there 
my exclusive occupation ; this was all. Now if the quality of a 
royalist did not prevent Senor Carrion from educating Republican 
youth in New York, would mine, that of an Artwrican citizen, be in- 
compatible with that of an instructor in a sister American Republic? 
Is Commodore Porter a. rebel to his country for having instructed 
and commanded the Mexican navy ? Are American citizens forbid- 
den to establish commercial and manufacturing houses in foreign 
parts ? Is the establishment of a house of education less legal, or less 
iioble than that of stores and shbps ? 

On the sixth point. — I have only oiice visited Gibraltar. The 
downfall of the Spanish constitution obliged me to go, in October 

1823, and seek in Gibraltar a passage for the United States. This 
Was immediately granted me by the generous Commodore Jone^^ 
commander of the United States frigate Constitution, to whom I had 
been introduced by a respectable American merchant, Mrc Horatio 
Sprague. But the frigate did iiot sail until April of the following 
year, When she was reheved by the Cyane. I remained, then, five 
months in a place, where no stranger is permitted to reside beyond 
three days ; an evident proof of the distinguished consideration I en- 
joyed there. The Constitution sailed at last, and I went on board of 
her as she was weighing anchor. I arrived in New York in May 

1824, furnished with the tnost flattering letters of introduction to dis- 
tinguished persons in New York, Boston, Norfolk, New Orleans, and 
Caraccas ; another evidence of the public estimation I had merited 
in Gibraltar. It was afterwards, in New York, where I learned that 
a suit had been ordered in that place against me, as the author of an 
allegation in defence of the Rombado family, who had been despoiled 



10 

of a rich inheritance by virtue of a forged testament* ; and that the 
suit had no other ground but that of my having attacked in it, rather 
too harshly, one of the actual judges of the plea, who, in his capacity 
of notary 'public at the _timc of the committed forgery, was strongly 
suspected of having been an accomplice in the transaction. Is it as- 
tonishing that in a monarchical country, and in a military place under 
the despotic command of a governor, who, by an unexampled mon- 
struosity, was also the chief justice of the civil court, the defender of 
oppressed people might have suffered a persecution ?— And am I 
questioned as to what I shall say in regard to my banisJtment from 
Mexico ? I had discovered there all the artifices of the European 
holy alliance, since the first moment of its formation ; qualified reli- 
gious intolerance as impious 5 praised the policy of the Presidents 
of the United States, Monroe and Adams, towards the new Ameri- 
can repubUcs ; approved the conduct of Poinsett ; condemned as fa- 
vourable only to slavery, some pretensions of the Mexican negocia- 
tors in the treaty of commerce, then under consideration, between 
the cabinets of Washington and Mexico ; vigorously combatted the 
pretensions of Spain to her ancient colonies, and promised a plan for 
their best defence,! &c. Was this not enough, to fall a victim to the 
vengeance of a ministry blindly yielding to the suggestions of those 
very Spaniards, who have since been the cause of so many troubles 
among that brave and unhappy people?— As to the assertion of my 
having been turned away (despachado) from Mexico in a harsh man- 
ner (con Cajas destempladas,) I declare this to be a falsehood, which 
is another brilliant evidence of the moderation, good character, good 
ideas, of the editors of the Redactor. I departed from Mexico, not 
eight days, as it was ordered, hxxi fourteen days after having received 
the verbal order of quitting the country, without escort, having only in 
my coach General Guerrero, and greatly honoured by the most eminent 
personages, both natives and foreigners.^ Were Seilores Carrion 
and Granja better informed, they could have quoted many other and 
more important persecutions endured by me in the course of my revo- 
lutionary life, instead of mentioning my insignificant departure from 

I * I preserve a printed copy of this allegation signed with my own name. 

t See Los Cij,atra Primeros Discusiones del Congreso de Panama, a well 
known work iniitnerica. 

: See Documents VI. & Vill. 



11 

Gibraltar, and my honourable banishment from Mexico.* To be per- 
secuted by a king, or by his agents, whatever may be the country, is it 
not the same ? Am 1 not at present persecuted by Seiiores Carrion 
and Granja in the freest country of the world ? 

On the seventh point. — Here Seiiores Carrion and Granja show 
incautiously the true object of their behaviour. Behold their own 
words — " ademas de que es menester saber que hay muchos individuos 
que se han refugiado a las republicas, y hacen alarde de ser enemigos 
de los reyes, porque los reyes jamas han hecho caso de alles : que si 
lohicieran."^ . . . By the last threatening words, " ^ue 5z Zo Aicicran," 
they have intended likely to recall to my memory the poetical apos- 
trophe *< An nescis longas regibus esse manus ?" or even the celebrated 
miracles of the Spanish dagger. But all this is too contemptible to 
dwell upon. Should there appear in America no better champions 
for Ferdinand the Vllth, than Senor Barradas with the sword, and 
Senores Carrion and Granja with the pen, charitable men must only 
pity les champions et la dame. — But " many individuals, say those 
gentlemen, have sheltered themselves in Republics, and boast of being 
enemies of kings, because kings have never taken notice of them." 
What means the expression, " Kings have nevei taken notice of them ?" 
Is it because kings have never listened to their solicitations for em« 
ployment, or because kings have paid no attention to their anti-mo- 
narchical deeds ? It is evident that I am not the object of either 
supposition, for the editors of the Redactor, who profess to speak 
« cara H cara ^ la gente" (face to face to people,) would have had no 
objection to address the above to me directly. They speak of many 
individuals (whom, however, they do not know, or do not dare to 
name,) in whose number I cannot be comprehended; 1st, because 
I entered the revolutionary career at so early an age, and while I was 
in possession of such aristocratical distinctionsj that I could have no 
claim to royal beneficence, nor be in want of it : 2dly, because the 
fact itself, as stated by Senores Carrion and Granja, of my having 
h^QVi persecuted every where for my revolutionary ideas, leaves no room 
to doubt, that kings have been so good as to take but too much notice 
of me. And would a king hang in effigy absent rebels, confiscate 
their property, except them from amnesties, keep them in perpetual 

* See Document VII. t See Docum. IV. % See Docum. VIL 



12 

jrons, or exile, &c,, were lie not apprehensive of their liberal princi- 
ples ? Kings take no notice of patriots, as starving foxes take no 
liotice of the grapes, which are beyond their reach. The only object 
of the above elegant passage is then, evidently, to excite public feelings 
pf contempt, or suspicion, against all liberal refugees in free countries, 
Jlere some remarks of public interest, may not be inappropriatd. 

SECOND PART. 

Since Senores Carrion and Granja became the editors of the JRe- 
^ctor, that paper seems constantly to have been written under the 
direct dictation of the apostolics of Madrid. The apostolics appear 
to have three objects in view, and the editors of the Redactor probably 
but one. The former are, Istly. To cause the ancient and modern 
glories of Spaniards to be extolled to the skies, as those of a nation 
far superior to all others in valour, talents, genius, literature, science, 
language, arts, agriculture, commerce, riches, virtues, and even pa^ 
iriotism, in order to perpetuate their ignorance, and, of course, their 
slavery, by causing them to swell at the idea of having already reached 
the highest point of knowledge, wisdom and prosperity : 2ndly. To 
awake general indignation against the new American republics, and 
to destroy their credit in both worlds, in order to lessen the number of 
their friends, to multiply that of their enemies, and thus to facilitate 
their reconquest by king Ferdinand : 3dly, to disgrace the free refu- 
gees in free lands, and expose them to persecution and death in th? 
very bosom of freedom, generosity, and justice, in order to divert 
others from the idea of breaking their monarchical chains, when no 
|iope of a comfortable asylum is left to them,. The latter, the probable 
object of the editprs ol" the Redactor, is that of making a petite fortune 
^i the expense of the foolish. In fact, Senores Carrion and Granja 
Jiave every thing to gain, and nothing to lose in this attempt. If they 
continue unmolested in this course, they acquire at a small expense 
pn extended reputation in monarchical countries for their fortunate 
impudence, If they experience the rigor of the laws, they acquire 
Sin additional claim to th? gratitude of their king, who, in his royal 
infallibility, wiU not fail to acknowledge their services as a luminous 
proof of their devotion to his cause. 

J will take no notici? of the above first apostoUc object. Let Spaii^ 



13 

and Spaniards enjoy the pleasing illusions of their own imaginationJ 
Time and history have constantly proved the exactness of the motto 
** nemo judex in causa propria.^' On my part, 1 v^rill be so generous 
as to acknowledge the pre-eminence of Seiiores Carrion and Granja, 
in the art of feeding their countrymen rather with suffocating smoke 
than with wholesome substance. 

Bat, as to the new American republics, should the editors of the 
Redactor limit themselves to represent them as incapable of self go- 
vernment, this would appear to be a mere opinion, erroneous no 
doubt, yet perhaps, innocent. They would hear in reply, that the 
best days of the Greek and Roman liberty, were but aa interrupted 
series of civil dissensions ; that the Romans, in the most flourishing 
period of their literature, assassinated almost every day an emperor ; 
that enlightened France herself has changed, in our days, six or 
seven constitutions in less than twenty-five years, not without shedding 
torrents of blood. They would hear in reply, that the ex-Spanish 
colonies, to conquer their independence, had no other means than 
despair and bravery ; while they had to overcome two obstacles almost 
insuperable,' — the ignorance inherited from their masters, and the pre- 
sence of numberless Spaniards, whom it was neither prudent nor pos- 
sible to expel ; that the Spaniards thus allowed to remain, corrupted 
the whole body of the people, and checked every advance toward na- 
tional freedom ; that ignorance, joined to the most Wind and stubborn 
fanaticism, prevented them from grounding their new social compact 
upon any better basis than the famous constitution, so absurd and con- 
tradictory in its provisions, which was first proclaimed by the Spa- 
niards in 1812; that the fact of those new repubhcs having drawn 
some of their fundamental laws fi:om the constitution of the United 
States, even though they have omitted to borrow others highly fa- 
vourable to the fi-eedom of conscience and the diffusion of knowledge, 
still offers a proof of their admiration of our constitution, though it 
may infer an ignorance of its full excellence ; that some of the said 
republics having afterward ordered the total expulsion of Spaniards, 
was another evidence of patriotic zeal, ardent, but not, perhaps, 
sufficiently discreet, for they ought to protect the good, to watch 
over the suspected, and unfailingly to punish the traitor. They 
would hear in reply, that those republics, notwithstanding so many 
and so striking disadvantages, have given to the world the most 



14 

shining proofs of valour, patriotism, and natural talents, in preserving 
their liberties, both against treachery within, and aggression from 
without ; and that, although certain, as they must be, of new and 
more desperate attempts on the part of their affectionate mother- 
country, they are already preparing such reforms, as will destroy their 
popular prejudices, their aversion from every useful innovation, their 
hatred to strangers, &c., and are making such improvements as 
■will open the sources of true social happiness, that is, religious tole- 
rance, liberal education of youth, encouragement of agriculture and 
the arts, freedom of commerce, congruous codes, &e. 

Finally, they would hear in reply, that, even in the groundless 
hypothesis of those republics needing a king, why ought this to be 
a Spanish one ? The alleged rights of Ferdinand from conquest, and 
imparted benefits, are (if kings may ever have any right upon nations) 
destroyed by two other and more legitimate rights, — the reconquest 
made by the colonists of their own independence, and their practical 
trial of the most fatal effects of the Spanish administration during three 
unlucky centuries. The alleged uniformity of manners, usages, wor- 
ship, language, &c., is but a stronger reason for the ancient Spa- 
nish colonies to avoid, at any expense, any further intrusion of Spain 
into their concerns ; for the radical reformation of such manners, 
tisages, and religious intolerance, is precisely the only means of ob- 
taining at last a rank among civilized nations. As to the language, 
the ex-colonists have one ; — it will be the interest of strangers to 
speak, and to understand it. And, why ought their supposed king 
be rather absolute than constitutional, rather hereditary than elective, 
rather residing at four thousand miles distance than in their own 
bosom, rather a man who is vengeance itself personified, and who 
has so much vengeance to exercise, than one who would have in view 
nothing but the acquiring a happy popularity ? 

But, what shall I say as to the continual attacks made by Sefiores 
Carrion and Granja upon every free people in general, and every in- 
dividual not disposed to adore chains, by proclaiming openly in their 
papers the legitimacy of the rights of a king over a nation, and by heap- 
ing reproach indiscriminately upon the absent citizens of our sister 
republics, and upon every victim of monarchical rage sheltered on 
our shores, without regarding the danger to which they expose 
themselves in a country where defamation is liable to be rigorously 
punished ? 



15 

In a free country, some will perhaps say, where the freedom of thd 
press is justly reputed the corner stone of the social edifice, nothing 
can prevent the editors of the Redactor from going on freely in their 
noble undertaking. The silence, they will add, of our government on 
this subject is only an evidence of its strength, that of the nation a 
proof of her knowledge, and that of both a geometrical demonstration 
of the immense superiority of our popular system over absolute mo- 
narchies, where a single, weak, fearful, suspicious man, fulminates in- 
discriminately capital punishment against actions, words, thoughts, 
and even dreams. All this is correct. It remains only to examine 
whether impunity produces, in such casesj a larger sum of evil than 
of good. 

The generous hospitality, which the people of the United States 
have so deeply proffered and so constantly granted to the unfortunate 
victims of foreign despotism, will then be no longer but nominal, since 
those victims will in reality meet with defamation here,and consequently 
with a fate far worse than that of living under a sceptre ; and no one 
is ignorant that there is a kind of defamatory language, which is suffi- 
cient to annihilate the best of men in public opinion, without being 
sufficient to authorize a legal redress. Nor is any legal protection 
within the reach of a private man, especially a stranger, who is con- 
strained to employ all his time in procuring a honourable subsistence^ 
against a co-partnership of editors, who have a press at their disposal, 
and nothing to do but to fill, every ten days, four miserable pages 
with imprecations, sarcasm, and monotony in snarling at every body, 
mingled with some items of threadbare news copied from other jour» 
nals. A struggle between a sharp sword and a bare breast is soon 
terminated by the triumph of cowardise over heroism. And would 
such a barrier against emigration to America prove useful to our po-* 
litical and commercial interests, or vouch for our national character ? 

Could an American travel, without blushing, in foreign parts, where 
the insults so impudently cast in his country upon liberal principles 
and quietly endured without the possibility of redress, must sooner 
or later resound ? And does not the statement of the Redactor that 
a free people are but rebels, vile rabble, &c. cast a similar infamy upon 
the inhabitants of the United States ? 

More. Will not principles so subversive of the sovereignty of the 
people, so boldly uttered, and so frequently repeated amongst us 



10 

■without the least censure, cause us to become at last the object oi' 
universal ridicule, and discredit our cause in the opinion of our beslt 
friends and admirers throughout the civilized world ? 

Nay more. Will not the continued toleration of such decrying 
undermine insensibly the foundations of our social institutions, by re- 
presenting them to the incautious mind of youth as the work of the 
ambition of some, of the ignorance of bthfers, or of the madness of 
all ? And can the impunity, which the editors of the Redactor are so 
happily enjoying, be reasonably refused to hundreds or thousands of 
advocates of the same cause, but of greater ability ? 

Finally, reciprocity of esteem alone can maintain friendship betweeii 
nations and governments, as between men. A Spanish paper pub- 
lished in the United States will always be read with avidity in the 
eight new American republics, where the Spanish language alone is 
understood. Will not those republics feel indignant at the criminal 
falsehoods periodically, and with impunity, vomited here against them ? 
In the ignorance of the true causes of such impunity will not their 
public writers believe themselves authorized to retaliate upon the 
people and the government of the United States ? And will not such 
a perpetual war of invective and insult expose at length our travellers, 
our ships, our commerce, our peace, our dignity to the most unplea- 
sant vicissitudes ? What right could we have to complain of the pro- 
vocations of those writers, and of the unfriendly disposition of those 
people towards us, whilst we are looking indifferently at a tribunal of 
abuse, erected in New York against their political existence, and 
their individual and national honour ? 

The reason of my indulging in these remarks is by no means whinai- 
sical or exaggerated. I denounce nothing but facts, the reality of 
■which quisqtie de populo may easily ascertain by casting a rapid glance 
over the pages hitherto edited by Senores Carrion and Granja, in this 
city. But what is to bs done ? An answer to this question. 

Certainly, when the constitution of the United States was framed, 
and the liberty of the press proclaimed therein, or thereby, no one 
could have foreseen the case, in which, while no native would ever 
dare to fight openly against its fundamental principles, two unknown 
adventurers, unrivalled patterns of ungentlemanly and ungrateful con- 
duct toward the most generous and harmless of nations, would have, 
intruded themselves into her bosom, to ridicule? although iitdirectly^ 



It 

liev revolution, iier principles, her wisdom, by loading with disgrace- 
ful invectives every people who had followed her example, every in- 
dividual, who, flying from tyrants, came to live and to die under the 
shade of her puWic and private virtues. In fact, since the first mo- 
ment in which the word colony was effaced from her political lexicon, 
no attempt of the kind has ever been heard of in the Union, until Se- 
nores Carrion and Granja became the editors of the Redactor. This 
crime seemed as impossible to her, as parricide to the ancient Ro- 
mans. But, does the extravagance of the fact destroy its reality ? 
Does not its importance demand the most serious attention of the 
egislature ? Is punishment for the abuse of the press against pri- 
vate persons sufficiently calculated to prevent attempts against the 
commonwealth ? 

Who are these gentlemen? Should tbeir usurped power of preach- 
ing amongst us the doctrine of legitimacy, of treating free nations as 
flocks, and popular governments as vile rabble, of dishonouring refugees 
in republican lands, exempt them from gi^^ng us an account of their 
own quality, of the motive of their having quitted their happy and 
blessed country to establish in New York a chair of ultra-royalisra, 
and a ferocious inquisition against universal philanthropy ? Who are 
they ? Republicans or constitutionalists, refugees in New York ? No : 
they are faithful vassals of the king of Spain. Refugees for other 
exploits ? Well ; their language would prove their desire of ingrati- 
ating themselves with their master and lord. Independent travellers ? 
They would not, in this quality, beg public bread at the expense of 
their own honour, and at the risk of incurring judicial prosecutions. 
Disinterested opinionists ? Nothing more opposite to the fact. Agents 

of Ferdinand VII ? Oh, no, they are not mercenary slaves ? Who 

are they then ? For want of satisfactory explanations, we must con- 
jecture that they are no other than mischievous speculators upon the 
Ferdinandian imbecility ; that is all. 

But, a nev/spaper, it w^ill be said, written in Spanish, and so writtert, 
that it will never have an extensive circulation amongst Americans, 
can produce no harm in this country. Granted. It is however circu- 
lated abroad ; the knowledge of the Spanish language is rapidly 
spreading itself even amongst the lowest class of the American peo- 
ple ; and we cannot, on the other hand, be true lovers of our liberties, 
without being extremely jealous of our political tenets, nor could any 



18 

thing wairant the firmness of both, if nothing prevent more able 
missionaries of slavery from discrediting them at home and abroad. 

Let Sefiores Carrion and Granja be royalists ; let their opinions be 
respected, and their persons protected as far as they respect our 
opinions, and submit to our laws ; but who would ever believe them 
authorized to reward the hospitality granted to them with preach 
ing to us slavery and fanaticism ? 

" Adorate le vostre catene, 

Chi v' invidia cotanto tesoro 1 
Ma lasciate tranquilli coloro, 

Che ricuBan portarle nel pie." 

And would a salutary severity on our part prove for them a means of 
making their petite fortune ? So much the worse for the royal dujte. 
To secure our domestic peace, and our national honour against 
roycH trieJes, behold our duty. 

Sefiores Carrion and Granja will undoubtedly exhaust their pecu- 
liar vocabulary, and avail themselves of their free press to add in- 
sult to insult, sarcasm to sarcasm, slander to slander, absurdity to 
absurdity. To those who do not give themselves the trouble of rea- 
soning, and who do not hesitate to deal in sophistry, nothing is easier 
than to decry men, things, facts, reason, and truth. They need only 
words, and Sefiores Carrion and Granja have words enough in their 
possession. All their ambition is to remain masters of the field of 
battle, that is to say, to have the last word, in order to leave, if pos- 
sible, in the public mind, opinions favourable to themselves, and 
injurious to their antagonists. And who can prevent them from so 
doing ? Let it be so. Let them enjoy the honour of such a triumpli. 
But they will never succeed in imposing upon the mind of tliose who 
are not Spaniards, or of Spaniards 

" Blest with plain reason and with common sense." 
To further attacks upon foreign or national republicanism, on the 
part of Sefiores Carrion and Granja, it will be no longer my business 
to reply, after having once presented to the public the above remarks 
on the subject, unless the publication of a few exracts from the papers 
edited hitherto by them, become indispensable. As to personal in- 
sults, their nature will determine my conduct. 

O. DE A. SANTANGELO. 

iVew York, February 24th, 1830. 



V0^ 



DOCUxMEiNT I. 



Exlracl from the MePoCurio, of the 23d January, 1830. 

Se ha hecho correr la voz en Mejico que yo soy el editor, 6 uno de los editores 
del Redactor, perioJico espanol que se publica en Nueva York por una sociedad 
Espahola. Manifiesto pues a lo3 Mejicanos y a ambas Amdricas, que nunca he 
tenido que hacer en dicho papel; que ni do vista tengo el honor de conocer a 
EUs editores actuates ; y que mis opiniones polilicas, con respecto a. Mf^jico y Es- 
paiia, son y siempre ban side diametralmente opuestas a las de ellos A princi- 
pios de 1823, sierido ediiorea del Redactor los seiiores Lerena y Bergonzio, es 
verdad que propuse desde Nueva York a varioa amigos mios en Mejicn la sus- 
cripcion a dicho periodico, porque entonces eslaba escrito con moderacion ; 
porqu6 uo se hablaba todavia de espedicioaes espariolas contra M(5jico ; por que 
era el unico periodico espanol que se publicaba en cste pais, y debiau los Meji- 
canos conocer lo bueno y lo male que se decia aqui de ellos. Mas jure (y desa- 
fio el universe entero a probar lo contrario) que desde el instanle en que, desler- 
rado de Mejico por amigo de sus libertades, llegue a los p]studo3 Unidos, no he 
publicado mas que un articulo en el JVew York Statesman del 10 de Octubre de 
1827 abogando la causa del general Guerrero para la preaidencia de aquella 
republica, otro en el Pi.edactor de los senores Jjcrena y Bergonzio del 10 de 
marzo de 1828, abogando la misma causa ; otro en el mismo R,edactor del 20 de 
junio de 1818, dando una biografia de Don Lorenzo de Zavala ; y otro en el 
Mercurio de Nueva York del 11 de abril de 182^ con otra biografia del gen, 
Santa Anna. 

Estos articuloa, y unas comunicaciones que hice a los Editores del Evening 
Post, del Daily adoerliser, y del Nevj York Enquirer, haciendoles conocer el ver- 
dadero estado de los negooios en Mejico en tiempo de la subrepticia eleccion de 
Pedraza, y lo filso de cuanto olros pcriodicos divulgaban de buena 6 mala fe 
contra el honor de la nacion M<5jicana y de sus mejores caudillos ; he aqui todo 
lo que ha salido de mi pluma en venganza de mi destierro; y este es quiza el 
crimen por el cual mi destierro no ha sido forrnnlinenle revocado hasta el dia. 

No hubiera hecho semejante manifestacion si no rae encontrara en la necesi- 
dad de desmentir una impostura demasiado injuriosa a mis ideas anlimonarqui- 
cas, despues de haber sido por el espacio de cuarenta arios amigo de la libertad. 
Ruego, en consecuencia, encarecida y respetuosamente a todos los Senores Edi- 
tores de periodicoa en la federacion Mejicana, que sesirvan publican lo espuesto 
en 8U3 paginas, y daran con esto al mundo una prueba de su niantropicaimpar- 
cialidad. — O. de A. Santangelo. 



DOCUMENT II. 

Extract from the R.ei)Actor of the 30//t Januan/, 1830. 

Hemes visto en el Mercurio de Nueva York del 23del presente un comunicado 

firmado por O. de A. Santangelo,en que pretende liasta con juraniento desmentir 
la voz que dice que ha corrido en Mejico de ser el editor de este nueslro perio- 
dico, de lo que parece nianife3tar?e rnui sentido y agraviado, y ruega i todos loj 



editores de la iederacion Mejicapa publiqiien en sus pagiuas sii exposicion. No- 
sotros, aunque ni hemos sido, ni somos, ni seremos editores de la federacion Me- 
iicana, tambien queremos contribuir por nuestra parte a que logre e! Sr. Sari- 
tangelo sus deseos de congraciarse con la soez canalla de mandarines mejicanosj 
per lo cual dedaramos por de cabeza redonda a todos aquellos que hayan sido 
eapaces de sospechar que elestilo de el Redactor pudiera ser el mismo que usa 
el Sr. Santangelo que es italiano y precisanaente debe tener su lenguage resabios 
estranjeros. Ademas hacemos saber para descargo de nuestra conciencia que 
nosotros somos Espafioles rancios por todos cvatro costados, de los que hablan a. 
la gente cara a cnra, porque no nos gusta andar por detras, y asi es que hemos 
dado el publico nuestros nombres : en vista de lo cual hacemos esta sencilla y 
espresa decl^racion. 

OTROSI : declaiamosque el mayor agravioque se nospuedahacer es creernos 
r.apaces de emplear al Sr. Santangelo para escribir en nuestro periodico, siendo 
un sujeto tan conocido en ambos mundos por sus ideas revolucionarias, por lo cual 
7ia sido perseguido en toclas partes, siendo de advertir que la epoca en que fue 
desterrado de Mejico puede contarse como el Iris de su independencia, por ser el 
tinico intervalo en que habia al frente de aquel gobierno los hombres mas razon- 
ables : y para que nadie alegue ignorancia, y se guarden bien todos en adelante 
de marcar a I^l Redactor con tan negra nota, lo lirmamos fecha ut supra. — Lm? 
fonsabidos Edilores, 



DOCUMENT II!. 

Exlractfrom the Mercurio of the Gih February, 1830. 

Seiiores Editores del Mercurio : Si la consideracion de ser yo uno de sus sn?, 
criptores y la necesidad de valerme esclusivamente de un periodico Espanol 
para contestar a los Sres. Editores del Redactor, que se publica en el mismo idi,- 
oma, pueden veneer la repugnancia de vms. a admitir comunicados relatives a 
personalidades, suplico a vms. se sirvan insertar en su primer niimero el que dirijo 
a vms,, bajo la prolesta que esta sera la primera y ultima respuesta a dichos 
Sres. 

Dije en su periodico del 23 de enero ultimo, no haber nunca tenido que hacer 
en el Redactor de Nueva York; y lo dije unicamente para desmentir una 
Toz que atribuyendome ser uno de los editores del Redactor, me atribuia im- 
plicitameate opiniones opuestas a las mias con respecto a Esparta y Mejico. No 
ataqu^ por esto ni las opiniones ni el caracter personal de sus verdaderos edito- 
res. Sin embargo estos seiiores han querido lanzarme en su papel del 30 del 
ipismo mes una invectiva, la que purgada de todo lo impertinente como lo de 
cabeza redonda, de rancio, de cuatro costados, de resabios, de mayor agravio, de 
negra nota Szc. se reduce 1°, a imputarme deseos de congraciarme con la que 
icrbanamente llaman soes canalla de mandarines mejicanos; 2°. a celebrarme como 
conocido en ambos mundos por mis ideas revolucionarias (es decir anti-monarqui- 
cas), y perseguido en todas partes (es decir por un Monarca). 

A la primera asercion he de contestar que mi calidad de ciudadano de los E. 
XJ. no puede inspirarme deseos de congraciarme con gobiernos estranjeros, y 
mucho menos con los ilustres gobernantes actuates de Mejico, que nunca fueron 
mis enemigos. Tengo, por lo contrario, desde septiembre del ano ultimo, su 
permiso confidencial para regresar a Mejico (como lo veran uds. por las cartas 
que acompaiio, y las que se serviran devolverme)! y el no haberlo hecho hasta 
el dia no prueba la veracidad de la asercion Redaclorial. 

La segunc|a interesa mi gratitud. Efectivamente mis %deas fu6ron, desde mi 
niiiez, y siempre seran revolucionarias contra, todo poder, que no.emane de la 
soberana voluntad de los pueblos; y a pesar de ser conocido por revolucionario 
en. ambos mundos,\os Seiiores Carrion y Granja han tenido la generosidad de es- 
tender algo mas mi fama, de la que altamente me glorio. Solo me peiroitire 



21 

GDsevvarles, que entre en la carrera revolucionaria teniendo mucho que perder, 
y nada que gaaar, excepto el placer inefable de hacer guerra al sistema monar- 
tjuico. 

A lo demas de su noble invecliva contestara el tiempo. 

Manden uds. a. su respetuoso amigo y servidor. 

O, de ji. Santanselo, 



I)OCUME>T IV. 

Extract from the PiEDactor o/tfie lOih of February, 1830. 

Tapaboca. 

Xis digno a la verdad de observaciou que cuantos adversarios ban aHomado la 
eabeza provocaado controversias con nosolros sepan todus '-'^ bien la tactica 
de los anttguos Partes, que peleaban huytndo Ya el Sen: '- Santan^elo no3 
amenaza en el Mercurio del 6 del corriente con no darnos mas respueda^ resen- 
tido de la oficiosidad que tnanifestamos en nueslro numero anterior decoutribuir 
a sus miras, haciendo patente la ninguna parte que ha tenido en la redaccion 
de este nuestro periodico ; pero al mismo tiempo que hace esta retirada no ha 
dejado de darnos motivo para una replica. 

Dice el Seiior Santangelo que en su primer comunicado inserto en el Mercu- 
ric del 23 de Enero no ataco ni las opiniones niel caracter personal nuestro. Al 
•yer una asercioa como esta no podemos meaos de notar que, 6 al Sr. Santangelo 
le flaquca mucho la memoria, 6 no sabe lo que escribe ; porque tratando de 
desmentir la toz que dice ha corrido en Mejico de tener el parte en la ediciou 
de El Redactor, dice que solamente cuando este periodico era dirijido por los 
Sres. Lerena y Bergonzio le propuso a varios amigos suyos de Mejico. •' porque 
entonees estaba escrito con modcrucion,''' y mas abajo dice ; " no hubiera hecho se- 
niejante manifestacion si no me encontrara en la necesidad de desmentir una impos- 
tura demasiado injuriosa a mis ideas. Ahora bien, 6 nosotros ignoramos absolu- 
tamente lo que es sana lojica., 6 de estas dos preposiciones se infiere que nuestro 
periodico no esta escrito con moderacion y que son malas las ideas que en el de- 
fenJemos; pues es bien sabido que nadie se cree iujuriado cuando le atribuyen 
cooperacion en una obra que sea buena : por consiguiente cualquiera imparcial 
juzgara que se equivoca mucho el Sr. Santangelo cuando dice que no ataco ni las 
opiniones ai el caracter personal nuestro, cuyo punto es mui esencial para hacer 
ver al mundo que de ningum mode hemos sido los agresores en esta contienda. 

Establecido este principio, creemos haber tenido raznn para decir que sus 
miras en hacer su manifestacion, aiacando nuestras opiniones, han sido las de 
congraciarse con los mandarines mejicanos. lo que el Sr. Santangelo no quiere 
admit ir, sin duda porque no ouede enieramente reconeiliar ia conciencia con tales 
procedimientos, y esto prueba el grado de prostitucton a que han Uegado aquel- 
los, cuando sus parlidarios se averguenzan de deciararse abiertamente por ellos, 
pero nosotros lenemos datos para creer que el Sr. Santangelo ha mendigado la 
proteccion de aquellos para eslablecer en ^lejico una casa de educacion. para 
cuya solicitud parece que no ha sido obslaculo el ser ciudad ano de eslos Estados 
como quiere suporier, 

Parece tambien que el Sr. Santangelo no encuentra urbanidad en la fraseque 
nosotros usamos cuando decimos soez conalla de mandarines mejicanos como si 
hubiera algo de malo en llamar a las cosas por su nombre. A esto sm duda, y 
a que ponemos de manifiesto los deiordenes cometidos por aquellos, es a lo que 
atribuye la fait a de moderacion ; pero quisieramos saber que epitetos se deben 
dar a los traidores y rebeldes a un Gobierno lejitimo, a los ladrones, a los asesi- 
nos, a los que han devastado aquellos hermosos paises. a los perjures que han 
despedazado mil veces el pacto social y pisoteado otras tantas las leyes y las 
constituciones ; y en fin, no sabemos que clase de respetos quiere el Sr. Santan- 
gelo que se guarden a los que ninguao han tenido a la hamanidad entera, a 1* 
juiticia y a la razon. 



He aqui el decantado liberalismo : jquiere acaso el Sr. Santangelo que bese- 
inos la mauo parricida que hiimea con la sangre del iuocente ? Bella presun- 
cion por cierto ; a los Espanoles nos roban, nos destierran, nos insultan y iios 
asesinan, y todavia se exijen de nosotros los miramientos mas serviles para con 
los monstruos causadores de lodos nuestros males! ! ; y los que no quieren per- 
mitirnos este desahogo ^ no son aun mas opresores e itijustos que aquellos ? Pun- 
to es este ciertamente que pudiera ocupar muchas columnas ; pero por ahora 
liemos dicho hastanle. 

Hace tambien mucha ostentacion el Sr. Santangelo de ser enemigo de los Reyes, 
J de solamente haher sufrido persecucion por dlos a lo cual baste decir que su 
salida de Gibraltar no la causo el Rei de Inglaterra, y que en MeJKo no man- 
daba al Rei de Espana cuaiido In (Jespari.aron con cajas destempladas ; adcmas 
de que es mene.<ter saber que hai muchos mdividuos que se han refujiado a las 
Republicas y hucen alarde de ser enemigos de los Reyes, porqui los Reyes jamas 
han hecho caso de ellos ; que si lo hicieran : : : : 

Los Edilores. 



DOCUMEP^T V. 

A Copy of the Certificate of J^atwralisation. 

STATE OF NEW 'VORK, — CITY AND COU\TY OF NEW YORK, SS. 

Be it remembered, thai on the tweuty-eiglitli day of May, in the year of our 
Lord one thou^an-l eight hundred and twenty-nine, Horace de Altellis de 
Sa7itangelo, ?it present of the city of New York, gentleman, appeared in the 
Marine Court of the city of New York, (the said Court being a court of record, 
having a common law jurisdiction, and a clerk and seal,) and applied to the said 
Court to be admitted to become a citizen of the United States of America/ pur- 
suant to the directions of the act of congress of the United States of America, 
entitled " an act to establish an uniform rule of naturalization, and to repeal the 
acts heretofore passed on that subject : and also to an act entitled, an act, 
in addition to an act, entitled an act to establish an uniform rule of naturaliza- 
tion, and to repeal the acts heretofore passed on that subject ; and also to an act, 
entitled, " an act supplementary to the acts heretofore passed on the subject of 
an uniform rule of naturalization, passed 30th day Of July, 1813 ; and to an act 
relative to evidences in cases of naturalization, passed 22d March, 1816 ; and 
an act in further addition to an act to establish an uniform rule of naturalization, 
and to repeal the acts heretofore passed on that subject, passed IVlay 26lh, 1824 ; 
and an act entitled an act to amend the acts concerning naturalization, passed 
May 24th, 1828." And the said Horace de Jltlellis de Santangclo having there- 
upon produced to the court such evidence, ma<le such declaration and renun- 
ciation, and taken such oaths as are by the said acts required : Thereupon it 
was ordered by the said court, that the said Horace de Attellis de Sanlangelo be 
admitted and he was accordingly admitted by the said court to be a citi- 
zen OF rHE UNirED STATES OF AMERICA. — In testimony whereof, the sea! of 
the said court: is liereunto affixed, this twenty-eighth day of May, in the fifty- 
third year of the independence of ^MtJnited Stales. — Per curiam. 

^' JOHJT G. TARDY, Clerk. 



DOrUMf.NT VI. 

Extracted from a necrology xilnch appeared in the JVational Gazette of Phi- 
ladelphia of the llth JSTovember, 1826. 

****:(.* fpj,g Marquis O. de A. Santangelo, an Italian gentleman, 
highly distinguished for his military and political talents, having sought refuge 
at Mexico, from the persecution of European legitimacy, began lo publish last 



April a work entitled — The first four discussions of the Congress of Panama, such 
as they ought to be. The preface to this work, and the first discussion — What 
is the Holy Alliance, and what the actual political situation of Europe ? were 
received by the public with the greatest eulogium, and long extracts from it 
were inserted in several ol the journals of the country. But he had scat( ely made 
public, towards the end ol June, the second discussion — Hhallue have a war? 
a most interesting research, received with gratitude and admiration b} all the 
friends ol the Aoierican cause, when on the night ol the Ist oi Jute lollowing, 
he was ordered to leave the city in the space ol twenty-lour hours, ai d to 
proceed under an escon to Vera C"ruz. to tmbaik lor loreifin parts as a suS' 
pected person The space oi twenty-four hours was aKtivavu pt.Jci.gtd to 
eight days^ \i\ consequence ol his demand for a fufficient delay to tntMe him to 
send tor his young and only son, an officer in the English Minitig CoDipaiiy of 
Tlalpujahua, ihirty-siX leagues diftati Irom JViexuo. ain!\Ah<'m hf would not 
leave alone in a country, the go\frnnient of which treated h;m a? ari enemy. 

In the mean time, the order for hi? banishment produced a very great sensation 
in the city. More than thirty pamphlets made their appearan. e a lew days 
after, proving the injustice and the illegality oi the mea.mre which had been 
adopted. The senator Zavala, under the name of ..Attorney to the J^ation, 
declared in a newspaper called the Sun. of the 6th July, thai iVii. Santangelo 
deserved to he enrolled as aciiisen of Mexico, and that the govemmtnt v as always 
asleep, and awake only to do mischiej. On the 6lh, the jury charged to take 
cognizance of the abuses ol the liberty of the press, declared unartitnously, that 
there was no ground for proceeding against the work ol Mr. Baniangelo, and on 
the contrary, on the 10th, they admitted his co?nj3/am/ against the base, injurious, 
and calumnious attacks, contained in the Govtrnment Gazettes of the 1st and 4th 
of the same month. The senator Alpuche became enraged, and personally ar- 
raigned all the members of the executive government, whom he looked upon 
as the authors or accomplices of this revolting measure. The chambers of the 
Federal Congress being then in recess, the council of government charged by 
the constitution (art. 116) to watch over its observance, and composed of half 
the members of the senate, under the presidency of the vice-president of the 
republic, having assembled, found that the art. 112 of the constitution had been 
openly violated, made their remonstrances to the Pre.-idenl Victoria in vain, and 
decided that the afl'air should be laid before the general congress at the nest 
meeting of the Chambers, inasmuch as it regarded the responsibility oj the 
Minister, who had authorized by his signature the unconstiiutional order of the 
president. It was the minister for foreign affairs, Sebastian Camacho, (notwith- 
standing he was then appointed Mexican Minister Plenipotentiary to London,) 
"with res[.iect to whom the senator Cafiedo, in his learned pamphlet entitled — 
An examination into the power of government as respects the batiishment of 
foreigners, thus expresses himself: — "The council of government, in perfor- 
mance ol its duties, has already made suitable observations respecting the in- 
fractions of the constitution remarked by them in the arbitrary conduct pur- 
sued in the banishment of Santangelo. The process is clear and well arranged ; 
but we regret that its results will be paralyzed by the voyage w.hich the re- 
sponsible minister is about to undertake for Great Britain. The government 
should know, whether the desertion of a judgment of responsibility, inchoate in 
the public, and prepared in the council, would be proper and compatible with 
its own dignity." 

Notwithstanding, this, and also the repeated demands formerly presented to the 
government by Mr Santangelo, and published by the press, to be arrested and 
rigidly judged by the competent tribunals as a suspected person, the government 
persisted in its resolution, permitting him only the choice of the direction of his 
route, and his leaving the city without an escort. But, in consequence of the 
declaration, which he then made, of his wish to go to Guatamala by land, in 
order to avoid the epidemical fever raging in Vera Cruz, the government, which 
before had offered to pay all the expenses of his journey from Mexico to Vera 
Cruz, and of his passage from Vera Cruz to foreign lands, reduced its supplies 



21 

to the sum of one hundred dollars for Mr. Santan^elo, his son, a serv.'int, and 
five mules of burden, with their drivers, for a distance of more than four hundred 
leagues, through the most difficult and dangerous places. He was afterwards 
tinder the necessity of submitting to the first orders of the government, and to 
go and embark at Vera Cruz. In fact. Commodore Porter, residing in that 
place, in the Mexican service, received an immediate order to secure a passage 
for him and his son, at the expense of the government, in the first vessel which sail- 
ed ; this was the brig Emeline, bound for Philadelphia. 

The kind attentions which the good patriots bestowed so lavishly on Mr. 
Santangelo,, consoled him greatly for the afi"ront, which the Mexican executive 
power had inflicted on him. During the time that he awaited at Mexico the 
arrival of his son from the mines of Tlalpujahua, his lodgings were constantly 
filled by a number of his friends, and also by a great many respectable persons, 
"with whom he had not been previously acquainted. Every one hastened to ex- 
press sentiments of affection and esteem, and to offer him services of every kind. 
On the 4th of July, he was iiivited to a splendid fete, given by Mr. Poinsett, 
Minister oi the United States, in commemoration of the Declaration of Indepen- 
dence of his country, and which he attended. It was at this entertainment, and 
in presence of a foreign Corisul, of the editor of a Journal, and of other distin- 
guished persons, he heard from the lips of Mr. Ramos-Arispe, minister of Jus- 
tice, that every government possesses absolute power to expel all foreigners, with- 
out the necessity of consulting the laws, and without any obligation of declaring 
its motives for such conduct. 

IWr. Mayorga, minister plenipotentiary from the government of Centro-Ame 
rica to the Mexican government, gave Mr. Santangelo a letter of recommen- 
dation, in an official form, and written in the most flattering terms, to the govern- 
ment of his country, a country which knows how to appreciate a man of merit, 
without distinction as to the place of his birth. Many other distinguished persons, 
made haste to furnish him with the warmest and most honourable recommen- 
dations, not only for Guataraala, but also for such other places as lay in his 
route. On quitting the city of Mexico, lieutenant-general Don Vicente Guer- 
rero, justly reputed there as the first man of the Mexican Union, accompanied 
him to his farm near Chalco, detained him in his society there for the space of 
two days, and he did not even quit him till he was five leagues from Chalco, 
and caressed him exceedingly. His journey towards the coast was a sort of 
triumph. At Puebla and at Jalapa, he received the visits of many superior 
officers of the army, and principal citizens, who all highly blamed the policy of 
the Spanish faction, of which fie was the victim. At Jalapa, (where seasonable 
information induced him to change his route from Guatamala,) general Barragan, 
governor of the state of Vera Cruz, and general Santana, the hero who first 
proclaimed the Republic, and whom the present government has consigned to 
oblivion, gave him the most unequivocal proofs of their hearty friendship. At 
Vera Cruz, Commodore Porter, Mr. Taylor, United States' Consul, and many 
other illustrious patriots, treated him with the utmost politeness. 



DOCUMENT VII. 



Extract of a communication inserted by Lieutenant General piga'Atelli cej;- 
CHiARA, in the Mexican Iris of the 8th July, 1826, on the occasion of the ba- 
nishment of Sr. Santangelo from the Mexican states. 

No quicro ecsaminar si las leyes vigcntes en este pais autorizan al gobicrno 
para tratar a los cstrangeros como a ilotas de Esparta. Tampoco cs mi animo 
analizar si la segunda discusion del congreso de Panama escrita en fraiices por e' 



Br. de Santangelo, y tradiiciJa al castellano por el Sf. de Zavala, senador Mexi* 
eano, pueda interpretarse de otro modo, que como una pieza maestra de sabidu- 
ria, de politica y de patriotismo verdaderamenie Americano, tal como lo diceu 
todos Ids que lo han leido,y que no tienen el menor interes en ensalzar, 6 desa- 
creditar a su autor. Ni fiaalmente me permitire de escudrinar si un estrangero 
tenga 6 no en Mexico el derecho de hablar de Mexico y de todo el mundo, cuau- 
do ninguna ley le prohibe mover a su antojo lengua y pluma, y ningun ciuda- 
dano puede mandar 6 prohibir lo que las leyes no prohiben ni mandan. Pero 
quiero, debo y puedo decir que un diario olicial, una Gaceta que se dice del 
gobierno, unos escritores que, amparados bajo el doble titulo de 6rganos inmedi- 
atos de las actas y operaciones gubernativas para con el pueblo, y de direclores 
de la opinion puhlica, se permitan descaradamente falsificar unos bechos, sonar 
otros que no ecisten y vomitar a troche y moche injurias, mentiras y calumnias 
ecu el lenguage de las mugerzuelas de barrio, y con raciocinios de mentecatos : 
semejante diario, semejantes escritores, deberian llamar la atencion de un gobi- 
erno que ama verdaderamente su honor y el de su pais para con el estrangero, 
y la illustracion y tranquillidad interior de los pueblos, que le confiaron sus de&- 
tinos. 

Siendo el sr. General Filisola, y yo, lbs uniaos paisanos del Sf . Santsingelo resi- 
dentes en Mexico,toca a nosotros dos solamente el declarar al editor 6 editores de 
la Gaceta del supreme) gobierno de la federacion mexicana, que en los numeros 
28 y 29 de su periodioo hanfallado a la verdad, y han dado una prueba evident© 
de que su pluma no es dirigida sino por pasiones muy vulgares y criminales. 

Declare, pues, por mi parte a Mexico y a todo el universo, que yo conozeo 
intimamente desde niiio al Sr. Santangelo, sus padres, sucasa, sus circunstancias, 
y he seguido conociendo despues muy de cerca sus talentos, sus servicios publi- 
cos, y toda su vida. Me dispense de dar al publico una hiografia completa de 
el, pero dire en dos palabras (que bastaran a Uenar mi objeto) que el Sr. Oracio 
de Attellis Santangelo es hijo del marques de Santangelo, celebre autor de obras 
cl^sicas, y de cuya amistad se honraron constantemente los personages mas emi- 
nentes en literatura y en dignidad civiU Desde su mas tierna juventud hiz6 
prog resos prodigiosos en los bellos estudios, y dio pruebas de la mas decidida, 
inclinacion a las insliluciones liberates, lo que le obligo a una vida tempestuosa, 

Empezo su carrera en las armas de cadete en Espana y la sigui6 con varias 
interrupciones causadas por los acontecimientos politicos y que le impidieron 
progresos rapidos. En 1815, cuando la vuelta del Borbon de Sicilia al trono de 
Napoles, el se hallaba de ayudante general, gefe del estado mayor de la gendar- 
meria que mandaba el teniente general Conde Carlos Manhes, mi yerno. En 
sus interrupciones al servicio militar tuvo empleos diplomaticos, y ocupaciones 
politicas, que le hicieron apreciar de todos los que no varian nunca en sus opin- 
ionps en favor de la libertad. 

En 1796 siendo secretario de la legaeion lombarda en Paris presto servicios 
importantes. 

En 1797 el fue el que fundo en Italia la sociedad de los unionisli, cuyo objeto 
era la libertad, y union de toda la Italia en un solo cuerpo de nacion ; el fue 
que abrio en Boloria el gran circulo constitucional, y que organizo la republi- 
canizacion del gran ducado de Toscana, que no tuvo lugar por la traicion de 
Petracchi, secretario de la legaeion cisalpina en Florencia ; fue condenado enton- 
ces a muerte en 7 de noviembre de 1798, sentencia que por altos manejos del 
gobierno, y liberales cisalpinos, fue permutada en la de su detencion en el Cas- 
tillo del falcon de Puerto-Ferrajo en el isla de Elba, del cual, en marzo de 1799, 
con la cooperacion de algunos oficiales de la guarnicion, se apodero, lo entrego 
despues a los Franceces y tUvo que retirarse 3, Francia despues que toda la Italia 
cayo otra vez hajo el yugo de sus tiranos por la traicion de Scherer. Hizo parte 
de la gloriosa espedicion que atraveso el St. Bernardo y reconquisto tercera vez 
la Italia. En 1800 hizo tambien parte de la que en 1806 bajo el mando de Jose 
Bonaparte libert6 del yugo borbonico a su patria, operacion para cuya ejecucion 
el Emperador Napoleon habia recibidodel Sr. Santangelo en Milan el aiio prece- 
dente un plan, cuya adopcion fue probada por el hecho. Hizo ea 1813 la cam- 

4 



:2i} 

)>ana ue Rusia. Los consejos qne did a Murat para las campaiias He lS14y 
1815, en Italia, hubieran salvado la Italia y la Francia, si Mufat hubiese sido 
tan politico comoguerrero. Desde 1815, retirado del servicio militar, sirvio gratis 
a la humanidad de abogado de pobresen las causas criminales, civiles y comei- 
ciales. 

Estallada en julio de 1820 la revolucion constitucional, fue el unico de que 
temblaban los conspiradores que tramaban la contra revolncion, y tentaron dos 
Teces asesinarlo ; predico la inevitabilidad de la guerra, y de la derrota si no 
adoptaban sns planes. No fue escuchado, y la Santa Ligd triunfo. Refugiado 
en 1821 en Espana, hizo lo mismo, no se le escucho y todo fu6 perdido. Refugi- 
ado en Gibraltar; tuvo noticia de su ejecucion capital en e&tatua en Napoles, y 
paso a la America. 

En suma, diez campaiias, dos heridas, cinco prisiones, cuatro emigraciones, dos 
sentencias capitales, ptrdtda voluntaria de titulos de nobleza, y ricas rentas, 
cruces caballerescas ganadas sobre el campo de batalla, menciones honorables 
liechas de el en los boletines oficiales de varies ejercitos, producciones literarias 
y politicas del mayor interes, desempeno de encargos de la mayor dificultad, 
empresas atrevidas y gloriosas, agregacion de su nombre a v&rias sociedades ci- 
cntificas, conocido, querido, y respetado de toda Italia, he aqui un ligero 
bosquejo &c.* * * * « No ha muchos dias murio en Megico el general Garcia 
Conde hermano del general D. Juan, cuya esposa es Luisa de Attellis sobrina 
carnal del Sr. Santangelo &c. 

Mexico y julio 6 de 1826 — Andres Pignatelli Cerckiara, ex-teniente general 
■^l servicio de Napoles bajo las ordenes del rey Murat, y ciudadano Mcgicano. 



DOCUMENT VIII. 

A lUeral tmnslalion of ike official letter of Mr. Mayorga, minister plenipolen- 
tiaryfrom the government of Central America at Mexico, to his own govern- 
ment, in Guatemala, and whose original in Spanish is in the poiver of Mr. 
Santangelo. 

To citizen Juan Francisco Sosa, minister of state and of department of relations 
of the government of the federal republic of Centro-America — Legation of 
Mexico 10th July 18.26 — The fate of Mr. Santangelo, bearer of the present, in- 
terests in a lively manner all those elevated and feeling souls, who desire with ar- 
dour the liberty of the people, and must affect all those beings, whose hearts are 
disposed to receive the sacred impressions of the love of humanity. This cele- 
brated patriot has devoted the grandest and most flourishing epoch of his life 
to the cause of liberty in Europe, where he has offered on the altars of this divi- 
nity the most bloody sacrifices. A conduct so heroic has drawn upon him, as 
anight be expected, the most horrid persecutions in the lands of tyrants, who 
have declared their cruel indignation against him, and have subjected him to the 
jnost friglitful proscriptions. There remained therefore no other resource to 
this victim of royal ferocity than emigration ; and in the choice of his retreat he 
did not hesitate. America is at the present day the object of the wishes of all 
those, who love the liberty of the human race, for it is the only part of the world, 
■where all nations, with the exception of Brazil, find themselves happily settled 
under a free administration, which is the desired and cherished object of Mr. 
Santangelo. 

But the titles which he has to distinguished recommendations are not confined 
to his constant and firm decision for liberty : he is besides that, well known for 
his superior talents, and for his exquisite knowledge, above all in that whici) 
concerns the diplomacy of the European cabinets. He has intended to rendt 
an important service to the new republics of America by publishing a littie 
work on the discussions of the congress of Panama, in which he has developed 
tho politios, the plans, the captious designs of the league, and has attempted 



27 

(,0 offer the most saiatary advice to put us on our guard against their deep iaid 
artifices. The majority of the public opinion of this capital has pronounced in 
favour of this work; but the minister of relations (foreign affairs) has judged 
differently, and has ordered Mr. Santangelo to quit the whole territory of thia 
republic. 

An event so unexpected has determined Mr. Santangelo to direct his course 
towards our country, which, amon2;st other glorious titles, for which it has ac- 
quired the esteem ;)f the civilized world, may reckon the good reception and 
frank hospitality, which it affords without distinction to ail such men as adopt 
it for their country. I have confirmed Mr Santangelo in the honourable opinion, 
which our republic justly enjoys, and I have assured him that he will be well 
received there, for if our government receives with open arms every individual 
tvho comes to Central America, though without those powerful motives, which 
speak in favour of Mr. Santangelo, I flatter myself that the latter will find there 
that estimation, to which his views, and the noble cause of which he is the victim^ 
entitle him. The extraordinary services, which he has rendered to this cause in 
Europe, and his multiplied sacrifices, merit the consideration and gratitude of 
Americans, although not in the same degree as the services rendered on this 
soil. For, who is ignorant that the attacks against European tyranny, and the 
progress of liberty in the old world, powerfully contribute to consolidate that of 
the new ? Who does not know, that as long as there are despotic thrones in Eu- 
rope, the free institutions of America will be menaced, and that the establish- 
ment and consolidation of these continually undermine the ancient and gothic 
edifice, on which absolute power has elevated its throne ? It is evident that the 
impulse, which liberty receives in every part of the globe whatsoever, dilates 
and augments its force and power. But, in order that the success may not be 
doubtful, and that the victory may be complete, it is essential that men of all 
countries, of all climates, should join themselves together, and make conamon 
cause to abolish tyranny. The present revolution of the world is only a war 
between the people and the kings ; the former exclaim against the scandalous 
usurpations of their rights exacted by absolute power ; the latter wish to sus- 
tain them effectually by force, that is to say. by the same means which they 
have employed to perform them, and to preserve their fruits. The danger, of 
which the tyrants have been aware, has suggested to them the measure of being 
united among themselves ; and shall not the public acknowledge the urgency of 
doing so likewise ^ If they do not, this liberty, which the world begins so hap- 
pily to enjoy, will find itself in danger of Deing stifled, or at least of suffering 
great reverses, for the kings ivill not cease to be indefatigobly engaged tn their 
design of plunging mankind again in that dreadful darkness, in which it has 
groaned during so many ages, and from which it has gradually emerged through 
the noble efforts of geniuses like that of Mr. Santangelo. 

What I have already informed you of is then more than sufficient to obtaia 
for him amongst us the most obliging reception, and I only add my particular 
entreaties, and interpose all the favours, which our government imparts to mCo 
Deign, sir, to bring all this to the knowedge of the citizen president of our re- 
public, and to accept the assurances of the distinguished consideration, with 
which I am — Your very affectionate and obedient servant, — Juan de Dios Mai/f 
f^rga. 



This Pamphlet, the publication of tvhich has 
heen detained independent of the Author, is to 
he had at his residence, No. 302 Broadnmy. 



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